Scientific Facts
Advances in genetics, particularly in deciphering the
human genome, have better enabled us to determine the
risks of developing an illness. Genetic pre-disposition
testing can be done for breast cancer, ovarian cancer
and colon cancer. Many other types of genetic testing
will be available in a few years.
Knowing about a genetic predisposition can motivate
people to take preventive measures in terms of nutritional
habits, physical activity, environmental conditions,
medical supervision, etc.
Cancer is a disease often caused or triggered by external
factors such as chemical substances (in tobacco, food,
etc.) and radiation, or indirectly by viruses. Only
5% of cancer is hereditary, i.e. passed down from the
parents at birth.
Genetic testing can be divided into two main categories.
Some tests are used to detect a genetic defect in an
individual's genome, while others perform genetic
fingerprinting (DNA identification).
With the exception of identical twins, all human beings
have a small number of their own DNA sequences (0.2%).
This genetic difference can be used to determine their
genetic imprint, much like our fingerprints. |