Collectors' Tips

Some species of Usnea look similar to species of Alectoria, but they have different internal structures. An easy "stretch test" will help you tell them apart. Hold a fairly thick branch of the specimen between the fingers of two hands and gently pull the lichen apart, stretching it until it breaks. If the break is clean, it is Alectoria. Specimens of Usnea have a rubber-band-like central cord that will continue to stretch a little after the outer layers break.

It is illegal to disturb or collect living organisms or even rocks in public parks, unless you have a permit. Ask permission to collect lichen samples from private property owners, park managers or local authorities.

Making a specimen envelope

Collecting lichens is easy; all you have to do is keep them dry and protect them from abrasion. A small envelope can be easily fashioned by folding an ordinary piece of paper as shown. Never use a plastic bag, which would keep the lichen moist and propagate mould.

Specimens should be about the size of the palm of your hand, but never collect more than you need because lichens grow so slowly and a population can easily be wiped out. Get a portion of the edge and base of the lichen, as well as fruiting bodies if they are present.

Describe the habitat and substrate and record the date of collection on the outside of the collecting bag or envelope. Back home, you can prepare a permanent packet by folding a piece of acid-free paper as shown above. A piece of tissue can provide support and cushioning. The lichens should be allowed to dry out quickly by laying them in a single layer in a well-ventilated room. For a permanent label, you should add the name of the collector. A unique collection number is also useful. The name of the lichen is the least important part of the label since it can always be determined later.